EQUALEGUM International Law Journal

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE DIGITAL ERA

2025-12-31T05:52:50+00:00

Background. The rise of digital technology has significantly transformed the global economy, particularly influencing the distribution systems for goods and services. In Indonesia, national distribution is vital for ensuring price stability and accessible goods across various regions. The digital era presents new possibilities through e-commerce, smart logistics, and data integration, which enhance speed, transparency, and efficiency in distribution. This study aimed to investigate a comprehensive analysis of national distribution in the digital area.

Research method. This research utilizes a descriptive-analytical literature review to examine the national distribution system in the digital era, covering logistics, e-commerce, digital technology, public policy, and distribution infrastructure. It analyzes secondary data from credible sources through a systematic search for articles published in the last 5-10 years, in Indonesian and English. The analysis used five stages.

Findings. National distribution is reshaped by digital advancements in e-commerce and logistics, enhancing efficiency and market access while meeting consumer demand for speed. In Indonesia, digital distribution improves economic competitiveness and public welfare, supported by government infrastructure and regulations for consumer protection. The private sector fosters innovation, aiding MSMEs in accessing broader markets. However, sustainability challenges, such as carbon emissions, require eco-friendly practices. Future efforts aim for efficient, monitored systems through digital platforms, promoting economic resilience and stability while addressing ethical consumer protection issues for inclusive growth.

Conclusion. Success in national distribution depends on collaboration among the government, the private sector, and the community, alongside adaptive policies and sustainable practices for an effective and equitable system.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIALIZATION OF BASIC AGRARIAN LAW IN THE LAND REGISTRATION PROCESS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL

2025-09-03T04:27:12+00:00

Background. The issue of agrarian reform in Indonesia has long been a central theme in the country’s legal, political, and social development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the amended Basic Agrarian Law in the land registration process at the village level, particularly in Ngarum Village, Lamongan, and to evaluate the effectiveness of socialization programs in improving community legal awareness regarding land registration.

Research method. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research explores how legal norms interact with local institutions and community practices. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and legal document analysis.

Findings. The implementation of land registration under Law Number 14 of 2024 still encounters obstacles such as limited community legal awareness, weak village administrative capacity, and the lack of data integration with land agencies. Nevertheless, supporting factors such as improved public interest in land certification and the strategic role of village leaders have been identified. The evaluation of socialization activities indicates a significant increase in awareness levels, although this improvement does not always translate into actual registration practices due to structural and cultural barriers. The analysis highlights a gap between the legal framework and its implementation, emphasizing the need for strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing community legal education.

Conclusion. Successful implementation requires multidimensional strategies that involve legal, institutional, cultural, and technological support tailored to rural contexts.

THE AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS IN VILLAGE HEAD ELECTION DISPUTES

2025-09-03T04:29:46+00:00

Background. Although village elections are inherently political, they also entail administrative dimensions subject to legal scrutiny, particularly regarding the regent’s decree confirming election results. The absence of a consistent legal interpretation has generated uncertainty within administrative judicial practice. This study examines the jurisdictional authority of the State Administrative Court (PTUN) in adjudicating village head election disputes, using the case of Ngarum Village, Lamongan Regency, as a focal point.

Research Method. Employing a normative-empirical legal approach, this study integrates doctrinal analysis of administrative law and statutory frameworks with empirical observations of PTUN Surabaya’s handling of election disputes.

Findings. The research identifies significant judicial inconsistency across PTUN jurisdictions in classifying regents’ decrees; some deem them political acts, while others recognize them as administrative decisions open to judicial review. Such divergence undermines legal certainty and equitable access to justice.

Conclusion. PTUN possesses legitimate authority when a regent’s decree fulfills the characteristics of an administrative decision. Institutional reinforcement and uniform judicial guidelines are imperative to enhance accountability, ensure procedural fairness, and strengthen democratic governance at the local level.

ANALYSIS OF HEALTH WORKERS' PRACTICE NEGLIGENCE: REVIEW OF ETHICAL CODES AND LEGAL ASPECTS

2026-01-02T05:06:39+00:00

Background. Healthcare professionals hold a unique ethical and legal responsibility for patient health, where negligence is considered a failure to maintain professional standards that can result in patient harm, leading to both ethical concerns and legal consequences. This study aimed to analyze health workers’ practice negligence to clarify ethical codes and legal concepts.

Research method. This approach emphasizes review articles and normative studies, viewing law as a collection of written norms found in legislation, jurisprudence, and expert opinions. The study aims to conduct a normative analysis of the current, formally applicable legal framework, utilizing a statutory method to examine Law Number 17 of 2023, Law Number 29 of 2004, additional regulations from the Criminal Code, and relevant sectoral laws.

Findings. The relationship between ethical norms and legal obligations in medical practice illustrates that ethical standards often precede legal frameworks by establishing professional expectations. Legal rules serve to enforce minimum care standards, protecting patients and practitioners. Negligence constitutes a breach of duty leading to harm, making health professionals liable under civil law for unlawful acts causing injury, thereby allowing patients to seek compensation. In Indonesia, health law defines legal obligations and penalties for negligence, with civil and criminal liabilities relevant in severe injury or death cases.

Conclusion. The importance of clarity in legal standards to adjudicate malpractice claims. A key harmonization, when ethical and legal systems diverge, conflicts can arise, for instance, between respecting autonomy and mandated interventions. Ethical guidelines can help resolve these tensions, but cannot substitute for legal accountability.

DUE DILIGENCE NOTARY PRACTICES BEFORE AND AFTER THE COMPANY'S CAPITAL MARKET LISTING AS A LEGAL ENTITY

2026-01-02T05:03:24+00:00

Background. Businesses must finish the required paperwork and submit registration statements to the Capital Markets and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency, which is assisted by organizations and experts, in order to participate in the capital market, which involves the public offering and selling of securities from publicly traded companies. The purpose of this research purpose was to determine the use of due diligence notaries before and following the company's legal entity listing in the stock market.

Research Method. This research was qualitative, normative, and descriptive-analytical, which explains information and facts about the use of the openness principle and notary due diligence both before and after the Limited Liability Company's listing on the Capital Market.

Findings. The implementation of notary due diligence requires the use of the capital market's openness concept. This implies that the notary confirms the company's information, which would be included in the deed he drafts, prior to performing his obligations in creating deeds. Making changes to the articles of organization, minutes of the general meeting of shareholders, deeds of agreement for public offers, and registration with the Capital Markets and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency are among the notary's duties both prior to and following listing.

Conclusion. Notaries must make sure that a deed has the right intent, content, and purpose while abiding by all applicable laws, statutes, rules, and the code of ethics.